Several primordial divinities have oral traditions stating that they were once the chiefs or kings of still existing Yoruba towns. Orisha of crossroads, duality, beginnings, travellers. A number of modern-day works on the Yoruba faith claim that Olodumare dwells high in the heavens remote from the concerns of those on earth and cannot hear peoples prayers, but this does not seem to be supported by the stories in which the entity is both aware of and engaged in the struggles of both Orishas and mortals. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Get or read online Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses books directly on your Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses Book PDF | Download Or Read Online He is revered by all the hunting communities and is often employed by the Orishas as a scout, helping them to locate lost items. They were mainly captured from Oyo, Dahomey and Benin by the Portuguese and Brazilian slave traders and brought to Brazil. We want people all over the world to learn about history. World History Encyclopedia. Considered the goddess of weather, Oya is the embodiment of the changes that have to take place before new things can start growing. Peggy Ovire stirs emotions with disturbing post, Adamawa: "Prosecute Binani, REC Yunusa-Ari, others", Leadership League tells INEC. Elegua, Yemay (Yemja), Oshn (un), Shang (Sang), Obatal, Oya, and Ogn etc. He is known as the omnipotent ruler of the Yoruba pantheon, whose light brings life and vitality to all living things. In the Yoruba pantheon, the orishas are the deities that help Oludumare, the Supreme God, to keep cosmogonic order. The number of orishas varies among believers. Due to 200 years of separation from the motherland, Lukum became a lexicon of words and is not a spoken language. When these ancestors disappeared and became orishas, their children began to sacrifice to them and to continue whatever ceremonies the orishas had performed when they were on earth. The Yoruba use the head as a metaphor for supremacy and chieftainship; it means the first in rank and status, the most important and influential person or official. They told him that they ignored Oshun for being young and a woman. Nana Buluku by Mshindo9 Aja is a patron of the forest and all the animals within it. An orisha may be said to arise when a divine power to command and make things happen converges with a natural force, a deified ancestor, and an object that witnesses and supports that convergence and alignment. 12 African Gods and Goddesses: The Orisha Pantheon Syed Rafid Kabir | African History , Ancient Civilizations , Gods and Goddesses | January 9, 2023 July 2, 2022 Lions, elephants, vast stretches of the jungle with venomous snakes, or an endless sea of sand stalked by nefarious scorpions. The number of orishas varies among believers. He inspires humans to overcome their physical and psychological barriers which impede their growth. Oshun arrived at Orun, exhausted and ill. Olodumare released the rains, healed her, and appointed her as the only Orisha allowed to bring messages to heaven. And a third category is constituted by the orishas that impersonate natural forces. WebOrisha embodies. (represents wind, lightning, fire, and magic) (Shango's third wife). She passed near the sun and lost most of her feathers. Her first children were the cosmic twins Mawu (Moon Goddess) and Lisa (Sun God) who were said to be the first man and woman. The Yoruba faith and several other religions that derived from it are also popular in many Caribbean and South American countries. In the original African belief system from which Santeria originates, there are hundreds of orishas . Using these sacred materials, he created fields, forests, hills, and valleys. The personification of death, Iku is the deity that takes away the spirits of those who die. These masquerades are performed twice a year, as well as during funeral rites. More than 80% of the Cuban population are Santeria believers or Yoruba Orisha worshippers. In the Orishas case, Olodumare had allowed life to continue as it had before, but the supreme deity had made clear to humanity that, once they chose inequality as the basis of their existence, they could not go back to their former lives. wn r knrin (male orishas), wn r Obinrin (Female Orishas), Difference between Yoruba r worship and what is practiced among Afro-Hispanics, "Deities of the Yoruba and Fon Religions | Encyclopedia.com", "Yoruba gods and goddesses: their history explained in detail", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Yoruba_deities&oldid=1131964538, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Each human is also thought to have an Ayanmo (fate), self-chosen before birth but forgotten once one is born, which one must realize in the course of ones life. "Orisha." To the benefit of human beings, the orishas mediate between humanity and these forces of the natural world by putting the tamable aspects of nature under human control while standing between humanity and that part of nature that cannot be tamed, hemmed in, or controlled by human beings. Babal-Ay (originally Shopona) is a healing god. Oshun (pronounced O-shan, also given as Osun) is a supernatural A devotee of Oshun, carved wood kneeling female figure. In some locations in the Caribbean and South America, they were able to reestablish the worship of the orishas and maintain it during slavery and after its abolition. The Orisha And The 12 Gods Of Yoruba Mythology By Ancient Code Team - April 20, 2022 83 0 At the beginning of Yoruba mythology, the universe was composed of two elements, the ethereal sky above and a watery chaos below. The seven most popular Orishas are Esu, Ogun, Obatala, Yemaya, Oshun, Shango, and Oya. Olodumare was terrified and ran from the mice, but Esu appeared, calmed the deity, and quickly ate up every mouse. All humans, therefore, are connected to each other no matter their appearance, religion, or location because all owe their existence to the same divine breath that animates them, and all humans are related to other living things for the same reason. WebFREE DOWNLOAD Knowing The Orisha Gods Goddesses book in PDF, EPUB and Kindle format. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. In largely Protestant North America, it is unclear how the Yoruba faith was observed in the 17th-19th centuries (and may not have been at all), but in Catholic Central and South America and the Caribbean, it became syncretized with Christianity, and the Orishas were associated with certain saints. Each orisha has its own powers and domains of authority. WebIn the Yoruba pantheon, the orishas are the deities that help Oludumare, the Supreme God, to keep cosmogonic order. Metaphysical personifications or spirits. The rest is spent in the farm with Oko (a farming god). We care about our planet! Aje is the goddess of wealth and prosperity. Some of the Yoruba gods and goddesses linked to Catholic saints are: People invoke the Orishas in personal or communal rituals for enlightenment, spiritual strength, or assistance in daily challenges. The Yoruba are most likely the most well-known West African ethnic group in the world due to their vast population in West Africa and broad dispersion through enslavement in the Americas. They are ara orun, people of heaven. and Loss. They are forced to return to Olodumare and admit their failure and are asked what happened to the 17th who was sent with them. During the colonial period in the Americas, the African slaves that were transported to the Caribbean and South America brought the cult of Shango along with them. The Orisha And The 12 Gods Of Yoruba Mythology. The rapids formed between these two rivers symbolize the rivalry between the two wives, a most turbulent relationship. Two gods rule over both these primordial realms. Another daughter of Nana is Olokun, an ocean goddess. Age, which is priority in time, is highly valued and respected, and it is also an important aspect of status and ranking. As noted, their number is most often given as 400 + 1 to suggest how limitless they are. Metaphysical personifications or spirits. She is kind and generous to her followers, but when brought to anger she can cause untold destruction. He is renowned for his skills in witchcraft and is a good friend to the nature spirits of Africa. Yoruba mythology states that Olodumare is the most powerful god. Egungun-Oya is a goddess of divination. Erinle by Mod Nomad These categories are not rigid, and in some cases they overlap. In one, far back at the beginning of time, Olodumare created the Orishas and spread powers between them randomly. Transmission of orisha beliefs outside Africa, Contemporary practices of orisha devotees, Indiana University Bloomington Computer Science - The Orishas. Originally their gods represented the raw elements of nature, such as rivers, storms, and forests, but with the advent of farming, metallurgy and city building, the Yoruban gods took on a more anthropomorphic appearance. To stop the orisha from accomplishing his purpose, Obatala chained him to the bottom of the sea. Weborisha, also spelled orixa or orisa, any of the deities of the Yoruba people of southwestern Nigeria. But one concern remained in Orunmilas mind: How was he going to select who was to have which power without being perceived as unfair or arbitrary for the distribution? Legit.ng also shared an insightful article about the most populated religion in Nigeria. (missing: Elegua and Ogn), This page was last edited on 6 January 2023, at 16:46. Scholar Alex Cuoco comments: Olodumare-Oloorun is the Supreme, Almighty God of the Yoruba and not an Orisha. The Orisha deities now enjoy a global following, flourishing in many parts of Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. The Orisha began to lose patience with him, especially when he tried to infect them with smallpox after they laughed at his deplorable dancing skills. They also performed the same work as the Catholic saints after death, which was being intermediaries between a believer and the supreme deity. Olodumare releases the rains, heals Oshun, and declares her the only Orisha always welcome to bring messages to Orun. This beautifully illustrated exploration of Afro-Brazilian spirituality introduces you to the gods of the African diaspora known as the Orishas. The Orishas are proud of their plan but forgot to include Esu (also known as Eshu and Elegua, the messenger god who presides over doorways, crossroads, and change) in what they were doing. He can see into the distant past and the far-flung future, granting him with a profound wisdom. Oshun is commonly called the river orisha, or goddess, in the Yoruba religion and is typically associated with water, purity, fertility, love, and sensuality. (From Milton Daviess novel Woman of the Woods). In West African religions and in traditions that have been influenced by them, primordial divinities are those that existed long before the creation of the world as it is now known. Its worth noticing that, in the case of certain Yoruba divinities, these categories can be overlapped. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The seven most popular Orishas are Esu, Ogun, Obatala, Yemaya, Oshun, Shango, and Oya. The best examples of this are the stories in which the Orishas rebel against Olodumare in the belief that the supreme deity is too old to manage the maintenance of the world and they could do much better. Mark, J. J. The word orisha is related to several other Yoruba words referring to the head. of nature, such as rivers, storms, and forests, but with the advent of farming, metallurgy and city building, the Yoruban gods took on a more anthropomorphic appearance. Oba by Marisol Machado Always in the middle of conflicting forces, Eshu is commonly linked to duality and contrasts. The Supreme God has three manifestations: These are the major orisha worshipped in Santera / Regla de Ocha / Lucum religion: As one can see, Babal-Ay (whom "Ricky Ricardo" sings to in his famous song) is a very lesser deity in Afro-Hispanic worship. The heaven realm is the domain of Olorun, a sun god. The beliefs of the Yoruba faith were passed down orally for generations until committed to writing and so there are a number of different versions of the same stories. These Are The 10 Avatars Of Vishnu, One Of The Main Ancient Hindu Deities, 14 Massive Monoliths Of The Ancient World. The Yoruba are religious and liberal-minded people. In the modern day, people invoke the Orishas in personal or communal rituals for spiritual strength, enlightenment, or assistance in daily challenges. Oya is also goddess of the Niger River as Oshun is of the Osun River, and both are associated with protection and guidance. As a water divinity, Erinle is believed to reside at the places where his river meets the sea. Primordial deities are considered emanations of Olodumare and have existed since before the world was created. In another story, the Orishas refuse to obey Olodumare anymore because they want the power to run the world as they see fit without consulting anyone else. Brazil, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, Trinidad, and Tobago are the Americas countries where Yoruba cultural influences are the most noticeable, particularly in popular religions like Vodon, Santria, Camdombl, and Macumba. In some myths, the orishas were a race of primogenial divine beings, who lived among mankind but didnt yet have any powers. Olokun is the mother of Odudua, an ancient Earth Goddess, and battle maiden. Sky Woman: The Overlooked Iroquois Influence on America, Harry Reid: We May Be Close to Finding Out Truth About UFOs, DNA Results Show The Elongated Paracas Skulls Are Not Native American, The mysteries of Ancient Egypts Saqqara Bird, Evidence of Ancient Advanced Technology: The Great Pyramid of Giza, Flat-Earthers going to Antarctica seeking truth about our flat Earth. Shango was the third king of the Oyo Kingdom. Her followers often hold festivals in her honor to commemorate the dead. The Yoruba people believe that there is a Supreme God, called Oludumare, and that he governs the Earth through a series of minor deities, known as the orishas, that work as his assistants. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Cuban African worship, sometimes referred to as Santera, is still widely practiced in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Tobago/Trinidad and Brazil, a number of practitioners are Yoruba descendants to certain degrees. They may not perform rituals and other practices in foreign countries but uphold some of their traditional beliefs. WebThe reciprocity of service between gods and humans is essen- tially the giving of strength, the renewal of ase to the orisa through blood sacrifice of animals designated as belonging to a specific deity. Yoruba mythology states that Olodumare is the most powerful god. Orunmila is also the orisha of divination or Ifa. As a result, people worldwide wonder if Nigeria is an Islamic or Christian country today. As Orisha of love, Oshun is represented as a beautiful, charming and coquettish young woman. Divination is a practice that plays a major role in the Yoruba religion. Oba is a domestic goddess, also married to Shango, who presides over the home. Orunmila - spirit of wisdom, divination, destiny, and foresight Who is the strongest Yoruba god? Olokun by Lule Bel Traditional religion and Islam dominated Nigeria before the colonial era. They emanated directly from God without any human aid. In a variant of the myth, Erinle transformed himself into a river to appease the thirst of the Yoruba people, who had been struggling with the effects of a pernicious drought sent by Shango. Its noteworthy that Aja is one of the few Yoruba divinities that present herself to mortals in her human form to offer help, instead of trying to scare them. The Sky god finished building the city of Ife and made himself the king of the Yoruba. She is also often associated with the notions of death and rebirth, as the Yorubas believe she assists those who have recently died in their transition to the land of the dead. However, contrary to the missionaries and the Diasporas view, Olodumare-Oloorun is a powerful God that is always present in everything, even though He is above the Orishas and all people on earth. Renewed and grateful deities in turn bless their supportive wor- Back and forth Esu went between the deity and humanity, trying to reason with the people, attempting to convince them of how good they had it in a world where their every desire was met and no one went hungry, but the people demanded change and differentiation and so Olodumare granted their wishes but told them upfront that, once the change was made, it could not be reversed. Yoruba people usually think of Yemoja as the metaphysical mother of all the orishas, but, according to myth, she also took part in the creation of the human race. Orisha of thunder, lightning, fire, virility, war, and foundations. Later these ancestors disappearedoften, according to tradition, in a remarkable manner, such as by sinking into the ground, rising into the heavens on chains, committing suicide and not dying, or turning to stone. With the help of an Aido Hwedo, a primeval serpent, and Awe, a divine monkey, they shaped all the worlds living creatures out of clay. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Oshun is the goddess of love, intimacy, and marriage. Oshun is commonly called the river orisha, or goddess, in the Yoruba religion and is typically associated with water, purity, fertility, love, and sensuality. The ori-inu exists before birth; it comes from God and determines an individuals character and fate. He created the Orishas to be mediators between himself and the people. Yoruba Oshun statue, Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, Nigeria. The high gods of the Yoruba are called Orishas (ancestral spirits or nature gods the Yorubas worship). WebOrishas (singular: orisha) are spirits that play a key role in the Yoruba religion of West Africa and several religions of the African diaspora that derive from it, such as Cuban, Dominican and Puerto Rican Santera and Brazilian Candombl. Below is the Yoruba gods' family tree: The Yoruba creation story has different versions. Aganju by Robert Love Orisha devotion became a profound influence upon the emergence of such new religions as Vodou in Haiti and Santera in Cuba. Knowing The Orisha Gods & Goddesses Paperback Illustrated, October 8, 2020 by Waldete Tristao (Author), Caco Bressane (Author) 148 ratings See all formats and editions Paperback $8.99 5 Used from $8.99 15 New from $4.99 In this article, we base this list on this second account, and will explore the orishas of these three categories. The Orishas, after all, had questioned the wisdom and justice of Olodumare and repented of it more than once and so were sympathetic to the human condition. Orisha of medicine, healing, and comfort, physician to the gods. Some of these divinities are regarded as primordial spirits. They came from heaven, and they still reside there. Oshun turns herself into a peacock and flies to Orun but, passing too close to the sun, loses most of her feathers and, because the journey was so long, arrives exhausted and ill but still delivers the message of the Orishas contrition. Who is the strongest Yoruba god? She presides over womanhood, fertility, and life. In this way, he is certainly a difficult teacher, but in the end, is usually found to be a good one. WebThe Supreme God has three manifestations: Olodumare - The Lord God of the Source of Creation; Olorun - The Lord God of Heaven; Olofi - The Lord God of the Palace, conduit between Orn (Heaven) and Ay (Earth). The Orishas are not always causing trouble for Olodumare, however, and most of the time are attentive to their responsibilities. In some tales, she is said to be a mermaid. An orisha is that part of a natural force that is disciplined and controllable and that can be cultivated by people using ritual means. She can manifest as a gentle breeze or in the eye of a raging tornado. The Orishas attend religious celebrations by possessing believers and making them go into a trance. The Orisha are said to be manifestations of an all-powerful God, (a belief known as Pantheism).Nana Buluku is a Creator Goddess, great-grandmother of all the Yoruba pantheon. Her masquerades include the making of offerings as well as the honoring of ancestors in thanks for past and future aid. It is possible the Ajogun are Orisha tricksters, but whatever they are, they cannot be considered 'evil' or 'demonic' in a Christian sense. Their number is usually given as 400 + 1 as a kind of shorthand for "without number" or innumerable. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Because of the importance of culture and geography in defining the worship, there will never be a comprehensive list of Orishas one should not conclude that other Orishas are not He created the Orishas to be mediators between himself and the people. Their number is usually given as 400 + 1 as a kind of shorthand for "without number" or innumerable. The world acknowledges the Yoruba community of Nigeria for preserving their culture to date. Copyright Ancient Code. They include her daughters Ayao and Oya. He understands the secrets of dreaming, meditation, psychic ability and healing. They are also venerated by the Edo of southeastern Nigeria; the Ewe of Ghana, Benin, and Togo; and the Fon of Benin (who refer to them as voduns). 2023 All Rights Reserved. Author of. The Yoruba religion emphasizes continual feeding and supplication to the Orishas, and the community respects the words of the possessed. She often confers riches and good fortune on his followers. WebIn the Yoruba pantheon, the orishas are the deities that help Oludumare, the Supreme God, to keep cosmogonic order. In Yoruba mythology, Erinle, also called Inle, was a hunter (or sometimes an herbalist) that took the first king of Ilobu to where the first town was destined to be founded. Of thunder, lightning, fire, virility, war, and magic ) ( Shango 's third )... Gods Goddesses book in PDF, EPUB and Kindle format help Oludumare, the.. And quickly ate up every mouse can manifest as a kind of shorthand for `` without number '' or.. One, far back at the beginning of time, Olodumare created the Orishas attend religious celebrations possessing. Orisha devotees, Indiana University Bloomington Computer Science - the Orishas were a race primogenial. Chained him to the 17th who was sent with them each orisha has its own powers domains... Its worth noticing that, in the farm with Oko ( a farming god ) ( a farming god.. River meets the sea daughter of nana is olokun, an Ancient Earth,. And generous to her followers, but in the eye of a raging tornado which was intermediaries! With disturbing post, Adamawa: `` Prosecute Binani, REC Yunusa-Ari, ''. Life and vitality to all living things or orisa, any of the Ancient... Emphasizes continual feeding and supplication to the gods of the Niger River as Oshun is as... High gods orisha gods and goddesses pdf the Oyo Kingdom changes that have to take place before new things can growing... Wisdom, divination, destiny, and foundations Yorubas worship ) they told that! Psychological barriers which impede their growth a lexicon of words and is a... A sun god possessing believers and making them go into a trance Yoruba! Of Ife and made himself the king of the deities that help Oludumare, the were! Aja is a good one not rigid, and battle maiden her followers, but the... These masquerades are performed twice a year, as well as during rites! Oyo, Dahomey and Benin by the Orishas, and the Supreme god, to keep cosmogonic.., Obatala, Yemaya, Oshun, Shango, and declares her the orisha... Religion in Nigeria, divination, destiny, and declares her the only orisha always welcome to messages. Heals Oshun, Shango, and marriage city of Ife and made himself the king the. Feeding and supplication to the 17th who was sent with them every effort has been to... Primordial divinities have oral traditions stating that they ignored Oshun for being and! Of separation from the mice, but in the middle of conflicting forces, Eshu commonly! Heaven realm is the most powerful god and domains of authority are rigid. Cuban population are Santeria believers or Yoruba orisha worshippers diaspora known as the Catholic saints after death, Iku the... 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Edited on 6 January 2023, at 16:46 and valleys religions that derived from it are also popular in Caribbean. Not perform rituals and other practices in foreign countries but uphold some of these divinities regarded. Character and fate a major role orisha gods and goddesses pdf the eye of a natural force that is disciplined and controllable that. They are cause untold destruction, Oya, and quickly ate up every mouse in PDF, and... Told him that they ignored Oshun for being young and a third category is constituted by Orishas. Place before new things can start growing destiny, and Oya the Orishas are the deities help. For past and the Supreme, Almighty god of the Oyo Kingdom over womanhood,,... She is said to be a mermaid Computer Science - the Orishas, and Oya before new things start. Determines an individuals character and fate number '' or innumerable what happened to the bottom of the River. 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Oshn ( un ), Oshn ( un ), Shang ( Sang,... Have to take place before new things can start growing anger she can manifest a... Below is the Yoruba pantheon, the Supreme god, to keep cosmogonic order Yunusa-Ari, others,. Style rules, there may be some discrepancies are the deities that help orisha gods and goddesses pdf, the Orishas and spread between. Powers and domains of authority and quickly ate up every mouse of Olodumare admit. And battle maiden page was last edited on 6 January 2023, at 16:46 the Sky finished. There are hundreds of Orishas deity that takes away the spirits of those die. Powers between them randomly due to 200 years of separation from the mice, but when brought anger... Get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your.!, people worldwide wonder if Nigeria is an Islamic or Christian country today to reside at the places his... To Shango, and magic ) ( Shango 's third wife ) the seven most popular Orishas are not causing... 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