basic concept of logic slideshare

Updated on April 13, 2018. Logic may be defined as the science of reasoning. Acknowledgements Today, many variations and types of logic models exist. The situation is the beginning point of logic model development. INPUTS What goes into the program: resources and contributions that are invested. Inputs include such elements as staff, money, time, equipment, partnerships, and the research base OUTPUTS What we do and whom we reach: activities, services, events, products and the people reached. Logic is an attempt to differentiate between truth and falsehood by using correct reasoning and eliminating faulty arguments. The text covers propositional logic (symbolization, truth tables and proofs) and predicate logic (symbolization, semantics, and proofs). There is a short appendix on alternate symbolizations (including Polish notation), and another which gives read more However, this is not to suggest that logic is an empirical (i.e., experimental or observational) science like physics, biology, or psychology. Balance the following reaction Step 1: Separate the half-reactions. Premises are those statements or propositions in an argument that are intended to provide the support or evidence. The term logic comes from the Greek word logos. Also, in saying that logic is the science of reasoning, we do not mean LOGIC, LOGICIAN compounding a special type of derivation because it involves creation of one lexeme from 2 or more lexemes all human languages (even isolating) seem to have compounding A logic is a language. The conclusion is that statement or proposition for which (See Figure 3.1, Page 50) Logic may be defined as organized body of knowledge or science that evaluates arguments. It also contains an overview of the handbook, and a brief history of epistemic logic and pointers to the literature. A BriefIntroduction to Logic Paul A. GregoryWashington and Lee University. A series of logic gates can be used to implement complex Boolean functions. 2. Logic is a tool to develop reasonable conclusions based on a given set of data. A proposition is a statement that is either true or false (not both). It provides a very efficient solution to complex problems in all fields of life as it resembles human reasoning and decision-making. Logic Crucial for mathematical reasoning Used for designing electronic circuitry Logic is a system based on propositions. What Is Logic? The logic model used in this guide has evolved since 1995 in Cooperative Extension at the Argument a group of statements which have premises claiming to provide support for or reasons to believe the conclusion. 1. Logic is the former discipline, and it tells us how we ought to reason if we want to reason correctly. The basic concept of sets, its elements and subsets. We say that the truth value of a proposition is either true (T) or false (F). 2 Hardegree, Symbolic Logic 1. in a neutral way, independent of any particular philosophical orientation. Industrial Automation Training Session 05 Ladder Logic Introduction 2. 2 2. philolove of, affinity for, liking of. [3] i. All logics come equipped with a set of inference methods like the above. Logic! ; An atomic sentence has no component sentences or formulae; the components of = and other predicates are term. Basic Concepts: order, power, and justice. It has syntax and semantics. z. creation of one lexeme from another, e.g. Logical Connective: Implication (1) Definition: Let p and q be two propositions. freshman Logic Chapter 2 Part 2 IN AMHARIC BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOGIC Basic concepts of QA and QC - SlideShare Well discuss more advanced concepts in the subsequent chapters. The algorithms can be described with little data, so little memory is required. Thus Aristotle seems to have viewed logic not as part of philosophy but rather as a tool or instrument 1 to be used by philosophers and scientists alike. Basic Concepts 4. philosophy of logic, the study, from a philosophical perspective, of the nature and types of logic, including problems in the field and the relation of logic to mathematics and other disciplines. It tells us what is right thinking. concepts of epistemic logic, basic formal languages, their se-mantics, and proof systems. Basic Computer Concepts 1. 2. It can perform mathematical and logical operations, and process large volumes of data at high speed. Thus, LOGIC is a normative discipline (as opposed to a descriptive / empirical discipline) it tries to separate the GOOD from the BAD. In Logic, we are concerned with the following: What is there in a good argument that makes it good? The law of identity says that if a statement such as It is raining is true, then the statement is true. An argument is a collection of statements or propositions, some of which are intended to provide support or evidence in favor of one of the others. Introduction. A PLC is a computer specially designed to operate reliably under harsh industrial environments such as extreme temperatures, wet, dry, and/or dusty conditions. Critical Thinking is closely related to the field of logic, an integral part of philosophy and can be seen as a tool to distinguish between valid and invalid statements (Wogu, 2010). These primitive inbuilt methods of Logic may be defined as the science of reasoning. LOGIC: The SCIENCE and ART of REASONING Logic, as an ART, on one hand, direct reason. Statement a sentence that is either true or false. In fact, Plato believes that the soul is just residing in the body temporarily. As we can see, the body and the soul can be separated. The objects The basic concept of sets, its elements and subsets. of logic model concepts by evaluators continues to result in a broad array of theoretical and practical applications (see Bibliography). The rules of logic specify the meaning of mathematical statements. These rules help us understand and reason with statements such as Which in Simple English means There exists an integer that is not the sum of two squares. Attention reader! Dont stop learning now. However, Aristotle did go to great pains to formulate the basic concepts of logic (terms, premises, syllogisms, etc.) Negative Logic Gates Each of the basic gates has a negative logic equivalent as shown. Logic studies the question how to distinguish between good and bad arguments. What is a logic. A. The aim of logic is to develop a system of methods and principles that may be used as criteria for evaluating the arguments of other and as guides in constructing arguments of our own. The law of identity: P is P. The law of noncontradiction: P is not non-P. In ancient Greece, a group of traveling teachers called Sophists had the reputation of being able to argue for any point, no matter how absurd. It deals with vague and imprecise information. One Sophist offered this argument: (1) Fido is Joes dog. Logic may be defined as organized body of knowledge or science that evaluates arguments. Logic 1. Building blocks of logic: simple inferences. Logic is free of emotion and deals very specifically with information in its purest form. Read Book Cryptography And Chapter 4 Basic Concepts In Number ame.americansamoa.gov www.slideshare.net bjslides input-and-output-devices-pptInput and output devices ppt - SlideShare inventwithpython.comInvent with Python Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally Community one kind of social order which is an association of individuals who share a common identity. Delighted in by kids grown-ups comparable melodic all around interfaces individuals. Logic is the science of truth and tries to discover the truth about truth. Logic is the study of reasoning in general, and in the first place, it is the concern with the difference between better reasoning and worse reasoning. PLC Operating Cycle Four Steps in the PLC Operations Input Scan Scan the state of the Inputs Program Scan Processes the program logic Output Scan Energize/de-energize the outputs Housekeeping This step includes communications, Internal Diagnostics, etc. Our new CrystalGraphics Chart and Diagram Slides for PowerPoint is a collection of over 1000 impressively designed data-driven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. (3) Therefore, Fido is Joes mother. 10. Rather, logic is a non-empirical science like mathematics. By searching for the reduction potential, one can find two separate reactions: Cu+ (aq)+e-+Cu (s) The copper reaction has a higher potential and thus is being reduced. z. Syntax: the rules about how to form formulas; this is usually the easy part of a logic. There are three fundamental laws of logic. Logic explains what people ought to think. LOGIC Logic comes from the word LOGOS, which means REASON. Basic Concepts of Logic. A proposition is the basic building block of logic. 1 BASIC CONCEPTS OF LOGIC 1. Suppose P is any indicative sentence, say, It is raining.. Others say that logic is concerned with thought, and thus tries to discover the laws of thought. z. Fuzzy logic comes with mathematical concepts of set theory and the reasoning of that is quite simple. The text is divided into 6 chapters: basic logical concepts; symbolization in propositional logic; truth table; symbolization in predicate logic; semantic theory for predicate logic; proofs. The aim of logic is to develop a system of methods and principles that may be used as criteria for evaluating the arguments of other and as guides in constructing arguments of our own. However, this is not to suggest that logic is an empirical (i.e., experimental or observational) science like physics, biology, or psychology. What a logical communication are, the society and concepts in linguistics terms slideshare uses language in. Logic (from the Greek "logos", which has a variety of meanings including word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason or principle) is the study of reasoning, or the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration.It attempts to distinguish good reasoning from bad reasoning.. Aristotle defined logic as "new and necessary reasoning", "new" because it Logic is the science of how to evaluate arguments and reasoning. (An Introduction to Modal Logic, London: Methuen, 1968; A Compan-ion to Modal Logic, London: Methuen, 1984), and E. J. Lemmon (An Introduction to Modal Logic, Oxford: Blackwell, 1977). 6. An argument is a group of statements one or more of It can include from the most basic to the most complex of the equation even leading to solving the abstract equation. Concept of Sets The word "set" implies a collection or grouping of similar objects or symbols. An argument is a collection of statements or propositions, some of which are intended to provide support or evidence in favor of one of the others. The variety of senses that logos possesses may suggest the difficulties to be encountered in characterizing the nature and scope of logic. (An Introduction to Modal Logic, London: Methuen, 1968; A Compan-ion to Modal Logic, London: Methuen, 1984), and E. J. Lemmon (An Introduction to Modal Logic, Oxford: Blackwell, 1977). 3. z. What is Logic? Presenter: Mr. Reynaldo M. Anario Jr. ICT Teacher 2. 3. * Modal logic logic dealing with concepts such as possibility, necessity, belief, and doubt. This is gross oversimplification of the real-world problems and based on degrees of truth rather than usual true/false or 1/0 like Briefly speaking, we might define logic as the study of the principles of correct reasoning. It is defined as a declarative sentence that is either True or False, but not both. Rather, logic is a non-empirical science like mathematics. Session 05 - Ladder Logic Introduction 1. Logic is The study of argument The study of criteria for distinguishing successful from unsuccessful arguments and the study of methods for applying those criteria An argument is a set of statements, some of whichthe premisesare supposed to support, or give reasons for, is a digital electronic device that processes data through a series of commands into information and storage. Semantics: about the meaning carried by the formulas, mainly in terms of logical consequences. WHAT IS LOGIC? Glossary of basic terminology atomic sentence Any of the following [Boolos+Jeffrey1989-cl p.102]: a sentence letter (see non-logical symbol); ; two terms joined by = (see logical symbol); or ; an n-place predicate letter and an n-tuple of terms (see non-logical symbol). Basic Concepts. The psychology of reasoning, on the other hand, is an empirical science. Also, in saying that logic is the science of reasoning, we do not mean Aristotle claims that logic LOGIC Logic comes from the Greek logos which means speech or reason. It is concerned with the methods and rules for correct thinking. This FAQ begins with a review of the seven basic logic gate types, reviews the concepts of the compound and universal gates, and closes with a brief look at quantum gates that will provide the basis for future generations of quantum computers. Iron is being Music Theory and Chord Progressions - 4 Theory Concepts Every Guitarist Should Know Every individual has his or her most loved style of music, climate conditions it is traditional, pop, people music or some other class. They are all artistically enhanced with visually stunning color, shadow and lighting effects. This identity is usually defined by geography, sense of common purpose, and a single political allegiance. The implication p q is the proposition that is false when p is true and q is false and true otherwise p is called the hypothesis, antecedent, premise q There are two forms of reasoning that logic can take: deduction and induction. The law of the excluded middle: Either P or non-P. The Truth Value of a proposition is True (denoted as T) if it is a true statement, and False (denoted as F) if basic concepts of logic. basic concepts of logic. creation of one lexeme from another, e.g. Page 1Classification: Restricted Ladder Logics Basic Symbols Interpreting ladder logics Learn through an example Agenda 3. Critical thinking is a process of evaluation which uses logic to separate truth from falsehood, reasonable from unreasonable beliefs. LOGIC, LOGICIAN compounding a special type of derivation because it involves creation of one lexeme from 2 or more lexemes all human languages (even isolating) seem to have compounding Indeed, for Plato, the soul is the self. PEDAGOGICAL NATURE OF LOGIC Logic as a branch of philosophy is considered by many t be the foundation of philosophy since is function is to train the thinking mind toward the formulation of arguments necessary for the study of their coherence, truthfulness, and validity. Logic may be defined as the science of reasoning. (2) Fido is a mother. Logic guides the mind toward the attainment of correct and valid inferences. Basic Concepts 4. 5. Premises are those statements or propositions in an argument that are intended to provide the support or evidence. a. As an ART it guides mans reason so that he can proceed with order and precision in the search for meaning. 5. Logic the science or knowledge that evaluates arguments. The conclusion is that statement or proposition for which 2. The objects Get your Algebra Problems Solved Quickly - Algebra is a science that deals with the mathematical symbols. Definition
Derived from the Greek word logos which means - study, reason or discourse
LOGIC is the science and art of correct thinking
- it is a SCIENCE because it is a systematized body of logical truths and principles governing correct thinking
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basic concept of logic slideshare