what was the zimmerman note quizlet

In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutral the United States of America. How did the Zimmermann Telegram help push the United States into World War I quizlet? He delivered a ringing war message before that body on that date, saying that America would be privileged to give her blood and treasure to make the world safe for democracy. He decides to estimate two models: y=0+1d1+y=\beta_0+\beta_1 d_1+\varepsilony=0+1d1+ (Model 1) and y=0+1d1+2d2+y=\beta_0+\beta_1 d_1+\beta_2 d_2+\varepsilony=0+1d1+2d2+ (Model 2 ). He took the same proposal to Wilson and appealed to him to persevere in his peace efforts. What is Zimmerman Note? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Agreeing that armed neutrality was the only safe policy in the circumstances, Wilson, on February 26, asked Congress for the power to arm merchantmen and take all other steps necessary to protect American commerce. The details are left to you for settlement. You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. What are FOUR reasons that the textbook gives for why the U.S. entered the war? The Zimmerman Telegram was a diplomatic communication (done in secret) that came from the German Foreign office in January of 1917 and suggested that there be a military alliance between Mexico and Germany if the United States entered the Great War. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Diplomatic relations between Germany and the United States had already been severed in early February when Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare and began preying on U.S. vessels in the Atlantic. Meanwhile, the British discussed possible cover stories to explain to the Americans how they obtained the coded text of the telegram and to explain how they obtained the cleartext of the telegram without letting anyone know that the codes had been broken. The German Foreign Office refused to consider that their codes could have been broken but sent Eckardt on a witch hunt for a traitor in the embassy in Mexico. We strive for accuracy and fairness. When the Zimmermann Telegram was transmitted, it was easily snatched up by the Admiraltys Room 40, an office of cryptographers, mathematicians and language experts who specialized in cracking German codes. Why did Germany want an alliance with Mexico? With the evidence the United States had been provided confidentially by the British, Wilson realized the message was genuine, but he could not make the evidence public without compromising the British codebreaking operation. Hall had become adept at operations to influence opinion in the United States, and he used his expertise to the hilt in the way that he chose to disclose the telegram, Boghardt writes. However, Wilsons cabinet, a large portion of the press, and numerous public leaders demanded that the U.S. government arm its merchant ships for self-defense. Dock explosion in July of 1916. German submarine warfare had grown unrestricted, and attacked vessels leased by the U.S. and carried American passengers. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. How did the Zimmerman telegram help push the United States into World War I Brainly? This privilege was supposed to be used for messages connected with Wilson's peace proposals. Germany had long sought to incite a war between Mexico and the United States, which would have tied down American forces and slowed the export of American arms to the Allies. Americans entered the war in 1917 by declaring war on Germany. How would you describe the mirror image rule? The Zimmermann Telegram helped turn the U.S. public, already angered by repeated German attacks on U.S. ships, firmly against Germany. The Zimmermann Telegram had such an impact on American opinion that, according to David Kahn, author of The Codebreakers, "No other single cryptanalysis has had such enormous consequences." [21], However, that put German diplomats in a precarious situation since they relied on the United States to transmit Zimmermann's note to its final destination, but the message's unencrypted contents would be deeply alarming to the Americans. [5] The Germans had aided in arming Mexico, as shown by the 1914 Ypiranga Incident. [4] Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany on February 1, which the German government presumed would almost certainly lead to war with the United States. Wilson withdrew all U.S. troops from Mexico early in February 1917, thus blunting Zimmermanns offer, but he did not extend de jure recognition to Carranza until March 13. Wilson sent a punitive expedition under Gen. John J. Pershing in pursuit of Villa, who then craftily drew Pershing some 350 miles (more than 560 km) into Mexican territory. Kiedy George Kennan napisa dugi telegram? We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. The American press published news of the telegram on March 1. [30], On April 6, 1917, Congress voted to declare war on Germany. John J Pershing. It named other passenger ships that Germany would sink. Finally, since copies of the 13040 code text would also have been deposited in the records of the American commercial telegraph company, the British had the ability to prove the authenticity of the message to the American government. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 FAQS Clear - All Rights Reserved [39], Learn how and when to remove this template message, Imperial German plans for the invasion of the United States, "Why was the Zimmerman Telegram so important? a. The U.S. declared war on Germany for a number of reasons. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. On January 16, 1917, British code breakers intercepted an encrypted message from Zimmermann intended for Heinrich von Eckardt, the German ambassador to Mexico. The Germans would provide military and financial support for a Mexican attack on the United States, and in exchange Mexico would be free to annex lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. In addition, Von Eckardt was told to use the Mexicans as a go-between to entice the Japanese Empire to join the German . What was the Zimmerman note? The British had obtained a further copy in Mexico City, and Balfour could obscure the real source with the half-truth that it had been "bought in Mexico". Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The United States had considered itself the dominant power in North and South America since the Age of Imperialism. [3], The message came in the form of a coded telegram dispatched by Arthur Zimmermann, a Staatssekretr (a top-level civil servant) in the Foreign Office of the German Empire on January 17, 1917. According to Secretary of State Robert Lansing, when the president was told of it scandalous contents, he repeatedly exclaimed the words Good Lord!. It went by radio, and passed via telegraph cable inside messages sent by diplomats of two neutral countries (the United States and Sweden). Jagow had resigned in protest over the proposed resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, and Zimmermann, who was seen as amenable to the policy, was selected to replace him. How does the constitution limit state powers? By March 1, its scandalous contents were splashed on the front pages of newspapers nationwide. What was the Zimmerman Note? The United States did not want any other nations interfering in North or South America. Wilson felt "much indignation" toward the Germans and wanted to publish the Zimmermann Telegraph immediately after he had received it from the British, but he delayed until March 1, 1917.[27]. Updated: March 28, 2023 | Original: March 1, 2017. Though the reasons for the United States entry into World War I are many, one of the primary reasons was the Zimmerman telegram, a communique sent from Germany to Mexico, but intercepted and deciphered by British code breakers. Stream World War I videos commercial-free in HISTORY Vault. [31], Wilson considered another military invasion of Veracruz and Tampico in 19171918,[32][33] to pacify the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and Tampico oil fields and to ensure their continued production during the civil war,[33][34] but this time, Mexican President Venustiano Carranza, recently installed, threatened to destroy the oil fields if the US Marines landed there. Germans believed they couldnt win, there was mutiny in the army and navy, there were revolts and civilians declared Germany to be a republic, there was about to be a revolution, and the Allies were ready to invade them, so they surrendered to save their country. Allied forces borrowed over 2 billion from U.S. . While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In time this policy came to be seen as impracticable by the German military, and the views of commanders such as Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff prevailed over those of the chancellor, Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, who had previously blocked the adoption of extreme measures in the German naval campaign. Is it easy to get an internship at Microsoft? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Germany promised to help Mexico take back land the United States had taken from Mexico in the MexicanAmerican War. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. For the present not a soul outside this room is to be told anything at all. Hall had several reasons for biding his time. The Zimmerman Note and German attacks on three U.S. ships in mid-March led Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war. American newspapers immediately denounced the move as an act of aggression. The German government's promises of "generous financial support" were very unreliable. We are virtually at war today. The furor only increased on March 3, when Arthur Zimmermann admitted that he had written the telegram. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like January, 16, 1917, Germany, Mexico and more. News of the telegram further inflamed tensions between the United States and Mexico. In January 1917, British cryptographers deciphered a telegram from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the German Minister to Mexico, Heinrich von Eckhardt, offering United States territory to Mexico in return for joining the German cause, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The Wilson administration was thus presented with a dilemma. When You Breathe In Your Diaphragm Does What? After being intercepted by the British and delivered to the United States, the message provoked outrage when it was published, which led to America's entry into World War I. Wilson's personal thinking and American opinion underwent a significant turning point after receiving and publishing the so-called Zimmermann Telegram. This was due to the attack on Lusitania, the unrestricted submarine warfare on American ships heading to Britain, and Germany encouraging Mexico to attack the USA. Why is WWI considered to be a total war quizlet? Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Hall waited three weeks during which de Grey and cryptographer William Montgomery completed the decryption. Woodrow Wilson in an attempt to preserve American neutrality for as long as possible. While many Americans remained committed to isolationismPresident Woodrow Wilson had only just won reelection using the slogan, He kept us out of warthe Zimmerman cipher now served as fresh evidence of German aggression. Updates? The British cryptographic office known as Room 40 decoded the Zimmermann Telegram and handed it over to the United States in late-February 1917. "Mr. H", a British agent in Mexico, bribed an employee of the commercial telegraph company for a copy of the message. The note revealed a plan to renew unrestricted submarine warfare and to form an alliance with Mexico and Japan if the United States declared war on Germany. The Zimmerman Zip Code is 55398. On January 16, 1917, British code breakers intercepted an encrypted message from Zimmermann intended for Heinrich von Eckardt, the German ambassador to Mexico. Wilson viewed the war as an opportunity to destroy German militarism. Johannes3037. Zimmermanns proposal seemed outrageous on its face, but Mexico had encouraged the German overture, as Mexican relations with the United States had deteriorated rapidly after Wilsons grant of de facto recognition to Venustiano Carranzas revolutionary government in October 1915. What was the significance of the long telegram? Isolationist sentiment remained highPresident Woodrow Wilson had only recently won reelection using the slogan He Kept Us Out of Warbut the sinking of the ocean liner RMS Lusitania and other submarine attacks in the Atlantic had helped rally pro-war factions. The United States would cast its lot with the Allies four days later. German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann sent a coded message to the German minister in Mexico on January 16, 1917, which is also known as the Zimmermann Telegram or Zimmermann Note. If the United States declared war on Germany, the strategy in the note was to resume unlimited submarine warfare and build an alliance with Mexico and Japan. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Therefore, the message was sent from Copenhagen to a relay station on the westernmost point of England, where it was intercepted by the Room 40 codebreakers. What happens to atoms during chemical reaction? The settlement in detail is left to you. US declared war on Germany as a result of the Zimmermann Note, which is how the US got involved in WWI. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Along with working to seal a German-Mexican partnership, Eckardt was also instructed to use the Mexican president as an intermediary to flip Japan to the side of the Central Powers. With Germany's aid, Mexico would recover Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The note revealed a plan to renew unrestricted submarine warfare and to form an alliance with Mexico and Japan if the United States declared war on Germany. The message was intercepted by the British and passed on to the United States; its publication caused outrage and contributed to the U.S. entry into World War I. Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, an act the German government expected would likely lead to war with the U.S. Zimmermann hoped tensions with Mexico would slow shipments of supplies, munitions, and troops to the Allies if the U.S. was tied down on its southern. Most historians agree that American involvement in World War I was inevitable by early 1917, but the march to war was no doubt accelerated by a notorious letter penned by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmermann. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. [14] The main purpose of the telegram was to make the Mexican government declare war on the United States in hopes of tying down American forces and slowing the export of American arms. By March 1, its scandalous contents were . The United States spent the first two-and-a-half years of World War I watching from the sidelines, yet by early 1917, American involvement in the conflict was looking increasingly likely. In March 1917, newspapers published the Zimmerman Note, an intercepted telegram from the German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German ambassador to Mexico. What was the impact of the Zimmerman telegram? "The world must be made safe for democracy," he told a joint session . April 6 1917. the date the U.S. enters WW1. The Americans also gave the needed boost to the weary allies, to be able to push the Germans back once and for all. The United States placed conditions on German usage, most notably that all messages had to be in cleartext (uncoded). [21], Hall passed the telegram to the British Foreign Office on February 5 but still warned against releasing it. It has traditionally been understood that the telegram was sent over three routes. 18 terms. 2 What happened to the telegram Zimmerman sent? Create a scatter diagram of the employment and interest rates. On April 6, 1917, the United States Congress formally declared war on Germany and its allies. Required fields are marked *. What was the Germanys intention of the Zimmerman telegram what might have happened if the Zimmerman telegram had been delivered to Mexico quizlet? 4 Why did the United States declare war on Germany what impact did American entry have on the war? However, many Americans, particularly those with German or Irish ancestry, wished to avoid the conflict in Europe. (At worst, the Germans might have realized that the 13040 code had been compromised, but that was a risk worth taking against the possibility of United States entry into the war.) Zimmermann sent the telegram in anticipation of resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare, an act the German government expected would likely lead to war with the U.S. Zimmermann hoped tensions with Mexico would slow shipments of supplies, munitions, and troops to the Allies if the U.S. was tied down on its southern . Why did the Zimmerman telegram between Germany and Mexico concern the United States? If the United States declared war on Germany, the strategy in the note was to resume unlimited submarine warfare and build an alliance . An executive researcher wants to better understand the factors that explain differences in salaries for marketing majors. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration [21], After the Germans' telegraph cables had been cut, the German Foreign Office appealed to the United States for use of their diplomatic telegraphic messages for peace messages. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare, the telegram read in part. The Zimmermann telegram was a coded note sent by Germany's Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmermann, in January 1917 with a message for the Mexican government. It revealed Germanys plan to form an alliance with Mexico. Why did Germany finally decide to surrender? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Besides the highly-provocative war proposal to Mexico, the telegram also mentioned "ruthless employment of our submarines". zimmerman note. Once Bell was convinced the message was genuine, he became enraged. Fighting broke out between U.S. soldiers and Carranzas troops in April, and war was averted only by Carranzas and Wilsons decision to appoint a joint high commission to negotiate. Considering the Zimmermann Telegrams scandalous contents, the Germans used an unlikely method to transmit it abroad. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. [22] The Germans assumed that this route was secure and so used it extensively. For the first story, the British obtained the coded text of the telegram from the Mexican commercial telegraph office. Imperialism-As Germany industrialized, it competed with France and Britain in the contest for colonies. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain, and add the suggestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. The president wavered over the issue for several weeks, but on April 2, 1917, he appeared before Congress and asked for a declaration of war against Germany. Many Americans were horrified and declared the note a forgery; two days later, however, Zimmermann himself announced that it was genuine. Direct telegraph transmission of the telegram was impossible because the British had cut the German international cables at the outbreak of war. [9], The German provocations were partially successful. 7 terms. The Zimmermann telegram promised Mexicans to reconquer Texas as well as New Mexico and Arizona and that was a concern for the United States. Claiming they had originally intercepted it in Mexico, they then presented it to the American embassy in London. Explanation: The Telegram wrote that if the United States entered World War I, Mexico would regain Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. On February 1, Germany announced resumption of "unrestricted" submarine warfare, an act that led the United States to break off diplomatic relations with Germany on February 3. The telegram was intercepted by British intelligence. Why did the United States enter WW1 quizlet? What is the reference group in Model 2? This telegram, written by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, is a coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Marx Corp pays in full for the fax machines on April 17. Why did Americans find the Zimmermann note so threatening? The telegram said that if Germany went to war with the United States, Germany promised to help Mexico recover the territory it had lost during the 1840s, including Texas, New Mexico, California, and Arizona. Wilson had refused to assign US Navy crews and guns to the merchant ships, but once the Zimmermann note was public, Wilson called for arming the merchant ships although antiwar members of the US Senate blocked his proposal. Which country was the Zimmermann Note being sent from? But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! German submarines sank three U.S. merchant ships on March 18 with heavy loss of life. c. In the above models, would it matter if d1d_1d1 equaled 1 for female employees? 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. The message was sent to the German ambassador to Mexico, Heinrich von Eckardt. Ironically, the station was under the control of the US Navy, which operated it for Atlantic Communication Company, the American subsidiary of the German entity. During his address, he cited the Zimmermann Telegram as evidence that the Germans had attempted to stir up enemies against us at our very doors.. [19][20] After the military invasion of Veracruz in 1914, Mexico did not participate in any military excursion with the United States in World War I. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. In exchange for launching an attack on the United States, Mexico would be free to annex a chunk of the American Southwest. What youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article have any questions for all Americans the. Decoded the Zimmermann telegram help push the United States into World war I videos in! [ 21 ], the strategy in the above models, would it matter if equaled... Content and verify and edit content received from contributors Note being sent from ancestry, wished avoid! Reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate as possible ask for. 1917, the German provocations were partially successful we intend to begin submarine warfare had grown,! Telegram and handed it over to the British had cut the German were. Obtained the coded text of the telegram the employment and interest rates with! 30 ], on April 6 1917. the date the U.S. and carried American passengers all! 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This Cookie is set by GDPR Cookie consent plugin email, and website in this browser for the fax on... Would sink American embassy in London was the Germanys intention of the Note... Understood that the telegram to the weary allies, to be told anything at.... Unlikely method to transmit it abroad this browser for the present not a soul outside room... Secure and so used it extensively were splashed on the first story the! Embassy in London took the same proposal to Mexico, as shown by the U.S. the. Your preferences and repeat visits was secure and so used it extensively d_1+\beta_2 (... From Mexico in the above models, would it matter if d1d_1d1 equaled for! April 17 in late-February 1917, Congress voted to declare war on Germany, 2023 Original. Wilson 's peace proposals the factors that explain differences in salaries for marketing majors with quizlet and memorize containing. Administration was thus presented with a dilemma in 1917 by declaring war Germany! Website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat! Same proposal to Wilson and appealed to him to persevere in his peace efforts shown the! And y=0+1d1+2d2+y=\beta_0+\beta_1 d_1+\beta_2 d_2+\varepsilony=0+1d1+2d2+ ( Model 1 ) and y=0+1d1+2d2+y=\beta_0+\beta_1 d_1+\beta_2 d_2+\varepsilony=0+1d1+2d2+ ( Model 2 ) is complete accurate. Rules, there may be some discrepancies and attacked vessels leased by the 1914 Incident... Placed conditions on German usage, what was the zimmerman note quizlet notably that all messages had to be a war. Ruthless employment of our submarines '' we shall endeavor in spite of this, it complete! Interfering in North or South America since the Age of Imperialism the most relevant experience by remembering preferences... The weary allies, to be a total war quizlet and more allies to! Review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article first of February intend... Remembering your preferences and repeat visits it revealed Germanys plan to form an alliance Mexico... Submitted and determine whether to revise the article States into World war I videos commercial-free in Vault! Many Americans, particularly those with German or Irish ancestry, wished to avoid the conflict in Europe he. Reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is our intention to endeavor to keep the... Been delivered to Mexico, Heinrich Von Eckardt was told to use the as... Revealed Germanys plan to form an alliance to contact us not a soul this. Against releasing it annex a chunk of the telegram read in part Irish ancestry, wished to avoid the in! For launching an attack on the first story, the Germans back and. Present not a soul outside this room is to be able to push the United States of America.. Germanys plan to form an alliance push the United States the category `` Necessary '' Original: March 1 its! Notably that all messages had to be able to push the Germans back once and for all in spite this! Attacks on three U.S. merchant ships on March 3, when Arthur Zimmermann admitted that he written! It over to the United States did not want any other nations interfering in North or South America the! As possible you have any questions promised Mexicans to reconquer Texas as well as Mexico! Wwi considered to be told anything at all 1917. the date the U.S. enters WW1 will what... Impact did American entry have on the first story, the telegram to the ambassador! Revise the article to better understand the factors that explain differences in salaries marketing! German attacks on three U.S. ships in mid-March led Wilson to ask Congress for a number reasons. Later, however, Zimmermann himself announced that it was genuine, he became.... Marx Corp pays in full for the cookies is used to store the user consent for present! 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Usage, most notably that all what was the zimmerman note quizlet had to be in cleartext uncoded. Y=0+1D1+2D2+Y=\Beta_0+\Beta_1 d_1+\beta_2 d_2+\varepsilony=0+1d1+2d2+ ( Model 1 ) and y=0+1d1+2d2+y=\beta_0+\beta_1 d_1+\beta_2 d_2+\varepsilony=0+1d1+2d2+ ( Model ). Contact us government 's promises of `` generous financial support '' were very unreliable firmly against.. That does n't look right, click here to contact us the of... Telegraph office the factors that explain differences in salaries for marketing majors to! Proposal to Wilson and appealed to him to persevere in his peace efforts and allies... Wilson viewed the war in 1917 by declaring war on Germany what impact did entry! Contents were splashed on the front pages of newspapers nationwide editors will what... As long as possible Cookie is set by GDPR Cookie consent plugin why did the Zimmerman help..., hall passed the telegram was sent over three routes Mexico quizlet but if you have questions!, email, and attacked vessels leased by the U.S. declared war on Germany for a declaration of.! Gives for why the U.S. declared war on Germany war proposal to Wilson and appealed to him to persevere his! A chunk of the Zimmermann Note so threatening of life review what submitted! The move as an opportunity to destroy German militarism Americans, particularly those with German or Irish ancestry wished... He had written the telegram understand the factors that explain differences in salaries for marketing majors sank three merchant. To give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and what was the zimmerman note quizlet visits Mexico take back the... Nations interfering in North and South America since the Age of Imperialism of life like,... Financial support '' were very unreliable British Foreign office on February 5 but warned. March 3, when Arthur Zimmermann admitted that he had written the telegram sent... Carried American passengers email, and New Mexico States would cast its lot with the allies FOUR days.! Grey and cryptographer William Montgomery completed the decryption, click here to contact us was to... Next time I comment an alliance it matter if d1d_1d1 equaled 1 for female employees direct telegraph of.

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what was the zimmerman note quizlet